Sardinia

Regione Autonoma della Sardegna
Regione Autonoma de sa Sardigna

Zone	Insular Italy
Capital	Cagliari
President	Italo Masala
Provinces	Cagliari Nuoro Oristano Sassari
Municipalities	377
Area	24,090 km²
Population  - Total  - Density	1,650,000 66/km²
{} Map higlighting the location of Sardegna in Italy

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Sardinia (Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardegna in Italian, Sardenya in Catalan), is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy, France and Tunisia, south of Corsica.

Sardinia has an area of 24,090 km² and a population of 1.65 million. It was called "Ichnusa" by the Phoenicians and "Sandalyon" by the Greeks because of its shape, recalling a footprint.

Table of contents

1 Geography 2 Tourism 3 Climate 4 Language 5 Business and commerce 6 Transport 7 Environment 8 History 8.1 Kingdom of Sardinia 9 See Also 10 External links

Geography

Sardinia is an autonomous region of Italy. The regional capital is Cagliari. The region is divided into four provinces: Cagliari, Sassari, Nuoro and Oristano; another four provinces have been proposed: Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Carbonia-Iglesias and Medio Campidano), to eventually enter effect during this decade. See also: Sardinian towns

Tourism

The island contains numerous extraordinary tourist areas, including the Costa Smeralda and Gennargentu. Mostly famous for its beaches, its land is rich in other interesting places. See also: Tourist destinations of Sardinia

Climate

The climate is mainly Mediterranean, with a warm spring and fall, hot summer, and mild winter. Sardinia is suffering from a multi-year drought, thought by some to be due to global warming.

Language

The language of Sardinia is Sardinian, a Romance language with obscure origins in Phoenician, Etruscan, and Near Eastern roots. While it has been significantly supplanted by Italian for official purposes, and it is completely unknown among some sections of Sardinian youth, specially in Cagliari, Sardinian is still the main national language (Sardinians identify themselves as a people and as a nation) in fact.

In the city of Alghero, a mediaeval dialect of Catalan is still spoken (the name of the city in Catalan is L'Alguer) as the city was a Catalan colony in the past.

Business and commerce

Sardinia's currency (as a part of Italy) is now the Euro, but Sardinians still unofficially refer to su Francu (or loc."su Pidzu"); 1 francu=1,000 former Italian Lira.

Several gold and silver mines operate on the island.

The Sardinian economy is today focused on tourism, industry, commerce, services and information technology; an increasing income is coming from its famous wines and gastronomy.

Transport

Trains on Sardinia connect the whole island but are rather slow. Some run on narrow gauge track.

Environment

Sardinia is a precious natural resource, having protected thousands of rare animal and plant species.

History

Sardinia's history is very ancient. In 1979 human remains were found that were dated to 150,000 BC.

In Prehistory Sardinia's inhabitants developed a trade in obsidian, a stone used for the production of the first rough tools, and this activity brought Sardinians into contact with most of the Mediterranean peoples.

In the age from Neolithic times to the Roman Empire, the Nuragic civilisation took shape on the island. Still today, more than 7,000 Nuraghe survive. It is speculated that the mysterious Shardana people landed in Sardinia coming from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in about the 20th century BC. Very little is known about this people, whose name (which probably means the People of the Sea) has been found in some Egyptian inscriptions, and most hypotheses are developed following some linguistic studies; according to these, the town of Sardis (Lydia) would have been their starting point from which they would have reached the Tyrrhenian Sea, dividing into what were to become the Sardinians and the Etruscans.

However most theories regarding the original population of Sardinia have been formulated prior to genetics research and in the traditional frame of east-west movements. Genetics has now shown that Sardinians are a pre-Indo-European population different from all surrounding and much younger groups. The density, extensiveness and mere size of the architectural remains from the Neolithic, pointing to a considerable population of the island, together with recent theories about the location of the Hercules Columns, reverse the question into where Sardinians did land, or where the Shardana settled besides the known Egyptian destination.

A Roman and later Byzantine province, the island was divided from the 9th to 12th century among four independent Giudicati, which fell to the Kingdom of Aragon in 1323-1409: the giudicato of Arborea was the last to fall. The autochthonous population of the city of Alghero (S'Alighera in Sardinian, L'Alguer in Catalan) was expelled and the city repopulated by the Catalan invaders, whose descendants speak Catalan to this day.

Kingdom of Sardinia

In 1720 Sardinia became an independent kingdom under the House of Savoy, rulers of Piedmont. At the time of Italian reunification in 1860, the King of Sardinia became King of Italy.

See also: History of Sardinia

See Also

• Sardinian language: Sardo logudorese, Sardo campidanese, Gallurese
• History of Sardinia
• Tourist destinations of Sardinia
• Sardinian Traditions
• Famous_people from Sardinia
• Sardinian Archaeological and artistic sites
• An island kingdom near Sardinia

External links

• Official regional website in Italian
• Official regional website in English

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Sardinia is also a place in the State of Ohio in the United States of America; see Sardinia, Ohio.