Leviathan

speaketh of an unclean Spirit, that having gone out of a man,
wandreth through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none;
and returning into the same man, with seven other spirits worse
than himselfe; It is manifestly a Parable, alluding to a man,
that after a little endeavour to quit his lusts, is vanquished
by the strength of them; and becomes seven times worse than he was.
So that I see nothing at all in the Scripture, that requireth a beliefe,
that Daemoniacks were any other thing but Mad-men.

Insignificant Speech
There is yet another fault in the Discourses of some men;
which may also be numbred amongst the sorts of Madnesse; namely,
that abuse of words, whereof I have spoken before in the fifth chapter,
by the Name of Absurdity.  And that is, when men speak such words,
as put together, have in them no signification at all; but are fallen
upon by some, through misunderstanding of the words they have received,
and repeat by rote; by others, from intention to deceive by obscurity.
And this is incident to none but those, that converse in questions
of matters incomprehensible, as the Schoole-men; or in questions
of abstruse Philosophy.  The common sort of men seldome speak
Insignificantly, and are therefore, by those other Egregious persons
counted Idiots.  But to be assured their words are without any thing
correspondent to them in the mind, there would need some Examples;
which if any man require, let him take a Schoole-man into his hands,
and see if he can translate any one chapter concerning any difficult point;
as the Trinity; the Deity; the nature of Christ; Transubstantiation;
Free-will. &c. into any of the moderne tongues, so as to make
the same intelligible; or into any tolerable Latine, such as they
were acquainted withall, that lived when the Latine tongue was Vulgar.
What is the meaning of these words.  "The first cause does not
necessarily inflow any thing into the second, by force of the Essential subordination of the second causes, by which it may help it to worke?"
They are the Translation of the Title of the sixth chapter of
Suarez first Booke, Of The Concourse, Motion, And Help Of God.
When men write whole volumes of such stuffe, are they not Mad,
or intend to make others so?  And particularly, in the question of
Transubstantiation; where after certain words spoken, they that say,
the White-nesse, Round-nesse, Magni-tude, Quali-ty, Corruptibili-ty,
all which are incorporeall, &c. go out of the Wafer, into the Body
of our blessed Saviour, do they not make those Nesses, Tudes and Ties,
to be so many spirits possessing his body?  For by Spirits,
they mean alwayes things, that being incorporeall, are neverthelesse
moveable from one place to another.  So that this kind of Absurdity,
may rightly be numbred amongst the many sorts of Madnesse;
and all the time that guided by clear Thoughts of their worldly lust,
they forbear disputing, or writing thus, but Lucide Intervals.
And thus much of the Vertues and Defects Intellectuall.



CHAPTER IX

OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE


There are of KNOWLEDGE two kinds; whereof one is Knowledge Of Fact:
the other Knowledge Of The Consequence Of One Affirmation To Another.
The former is nothing else, but Sense and Memory, and is Absolute
Knowledge; as when we see a Fact doing, or remember it done:
And this is the Knowledge required in a Witnesse.  The later is
called Science; and is Conditionall; as when we know, that,
If The Figure Showne Be A Circle, Then Any Straight Line Through
The Centre Shall Divide It Into Two Equall Parts.  And this is
the Knowledge required in a Philosopher; that is to say, of him
that pretends to Reasoning.

The Register of Knowledge Of Fact is called History.  Whereof there be
two sorts: one called Naturall History; which is the History of
such Facts, or Effects of Nature, as have no Dependance on Mans Will;
Such as are the Histories of Metals, Plants, Animals, Regions,
and the like.  The other, is Civill History; which is the History of
the Voluntary Actions of men in Common-wealths.

The Registers of Science, are such Books as contain the Demonstrations
of Consequences of one Affirmation, to another; and are commonly called
Books of Philosophy; whereof the sorts are many, according to the
diversity of the Matter; And may be divided in such manner as I have
divided them in the following Table.

I.  Science, that is, Knowledge of Consequences; which is called
     also PHILOSOPHY

     A.  Consequences from Accidents of Bodies Naturall; which is
        called NATURALL PHILOSOPHY

        1.  Consequences from the Accidents common to all Bodies Naturall;
           which are Quantity, and Motion.

           a.  Consequences from Quantity, and Motion Indeterminate;
              which, being the Principles or first foundation of
              Philosophy, is called Philosophia Prima

              PHILOSOPHIA PRIMA

           b.  Consequences from Motion, and Quantity Determined

              1) Consequences from Quantity, and Motion Determined

                 a) By Figure, By Number

                   1] Mathematiques,