Latin for Beginners

_271._ DAED'ALUS AND IC'ARUS

Creta est insula antiqua quae aqua alta magni maris pulsatur. Ibi olim
Minos erat rex. Ad eum venit Daedalus qui ex Graecia patria fugiebat.
Eum Minos rex benignis verbis accepit et ei domicilium in Creta dedit.
[5]Quo in loco Daedalus sine cura vivebat et regi multa et clara opera
faciebat. Post tempus longum autem Daedalus patriam caram desiderare
incepit. Domum properare studebat, sed regi persuadere non potuit et
mare saevum fugam vetabat.

    [Footnote 5: _And in this place_; /quo\ does not here introduce a
    subordinate relative clause, but establishes the connection with the
    preceding sentence. Such a relative is called a _connecting
    relative_, and is translated by _and_ and a demonstrative or
    personal pronoun.]


LESSON XLVIII

THE FIFTH OR E:-DECLENSION : THE ABLATIVE OF TIME

  [Special Vocabulary]

  /acie:s, -e:i:\, f., _line of battle_
  /aesta:s, aesta:tis\, f., _summer_
  /annus, -i:\, m., _year_ (annual)
  /die:s, die:i:\, m., _day_ (diary)
  /fide:s, fidei:\, no plur., f., _faith, trust; promise, word;
    protection_; /in fidem veni:re\, _to come under the protection_
  /fluctus, -u:s\, m. _wave, billow_ (fluctuate)
  /hiems, hiemis\, f., _winter_
  /ho:ra, -ae\, f., _hour_
  /lu:x, lu:cis\, f., _light_ (lucid); /pri:ma lux\, _daybreak_
  /meri:die:s\, acc. -em, abl. -e:, no plur., m., _midday_ (meridian)
  /nox, noctis (-ium)\, f., _night_ (nocturnal)
  /pri:mus, -a, -um\, _first_ (prime)
  /re:s, rei:\, f., _thing, matter_ (real);
  /re:s gestae\, _deeds, exploits_ (lit. _things performed_);
    /re:s adversae\, _adversity_; /re:s secundae\, _prosperity_
  /spe:s, spei:\, f., _hope_

_272._ Gender. Nouns of the fifth declension are feminine except
/die:s\, _day_, and /meri:die:s\, _midday_, which are usually masculine.

_273._ PARADIGMS

  [Transcriber's Note:
  The "Stems" are missing in the printed book. They have been supplied
  from the inflectional table in the Appendix.]

         die:s,      re:s, f.,
         m., _day_   _thing_
  STEMS  die:-       re:-
  BASES  di-         r-

         SINGULAR            TERMINATIONS
  Nom.   die:s       re:s      -e:s
  Gen.   die:i:      rei:      -e:i: _or_ -ei:
  Dat.   die:i:      rei:      -e:i: _or_ -ei:
  Acc.   diem        rem       -em
  Abl.   die:        re:       -e:

         PLURAL
  Nom.   die:s       re:s      -e:s
  Gen.   die:rum     re:rum    -e:rum
  Dat.   die:bus     re:bus    -e:bus
  Acc.   die:s       re:s      -e:s
  Abl.   die:bus     re:bus    -e:bus

  1. The vowel /e\ which appears in every form is regularly long. It is
  shortened in the ending -ei: after a consonant, as in /r-ei:\; and
  before -m in the accusative singular, as in /di-em\. (Cf. Sec. 12.2.)

  2. Only /die:s\ and /re:s\ are complete in the plural. Most other
  nouns of this declension lack the plural. /Acie:s\, _line of battle_,
  and /spe:s\, _hope_, have the nominative and accusative plural.

_274._ The ablative relation (Sec. 50) which is expressed by the
prepositions _at, in_, or _on_ may refer not only to place, but also to
time, as _at noon, in summer, on the first day_. The ablative which is
used to express this relation is called the _ablative of time_.

_275._ RULE. The Ablative of Time. _The time /when\ or /within which\
anything happens is expressed by the ablative without a preposition._

    _a._ Occasionally the preposition /_in_\ is found. Compare the
    English _Next day we started_ and _/On\ the next day we started_.

_276._ EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 294.

I. _Galba the Farmer._ Galba agricola ruri vivit. Cotidie prima luce
laborare incipit, nec ante noctem in studio suo cessat. Meridie Iulia
filia eum ad cenam vocat. Nocte pedes defessos domum vertit. Aestate
filii agricolae auxilium patri dant. Hieme agricola eos in ludum mittit.
Ibi magister pueris multas fabulas de rebus gestis Caesaris narrat.
Aestate filii agricolae perpetuis laboribus exercentur nec grave agri
opus est iis molestum. Galba sine ulla cura vivit nec res adversas
timet.